Energy saving.The effectiveness of energy use.

Energy saving today is one of the priority areas for politics and companies that focus on dynamic development, both in terms of reducing the cost of their own production of major products, and in the general direction of government programs designed to reduce the burden of production capacity.For energy saving during the economic crisis, it is one of the most important tasks for any enterprise in particular.The technical and economic characteristics of consumer central heating are directly related to subject-heat energy.However, this is not the only factor affecting the details.Effective energy saving can greatly reduce production costs and thus improve its competitiveness in the market.

There are many different ways to increase the rational use of existing energy and capacity.The sooner a business starts introducing energy-saving technologies, it will feel the faster the positive effects of these events, which will be represented as specific financial metrics.“About energy conservation, improving energy efficiency and revisions to certain legislative practices.” The law proposes tasks to implement measures aimed at reducing energy costs, namely:

• From January 1, 2010, the budget agency has an obligation to ensure that comparable conditions for the amount of water it consumes, natural gas, fuel, fuel oil, diesel and other fuels, thermal energy, electrical energy, electrical energy, electricity, electricity, at least 15% of the amount consumed in 2009, and at least 15% of the amount consumed per week, and at least 1 weekly reduction of this amount.
• Until January 1, 2011, the owners of buildings, structures, structures and other objects need to complete the equipment for such objects by calculating used water, natural gas, thermal energy, electrical energy, and commissioning installed Metering equipment during operation using their energy resources;
• Until May 15, 2010, state-participated organizations, including state and municipal agencies, must accept energy conservation programs and improve energy efficiency;
• Organizations participating in states, including state and municipal agencies, must organize and conduct the first energy inspection until December 31, 2012, with subsequent energy surveys – at least once every five years.

Energy saving as a way to provide growing demand for energy and energy resources, its profitability is more than building new capabilities to produce thermal and electrical energy for the same purpose.For our population, it is unacceptable to support and develop fuel and energy complexes by internal energy prices and high growth rates of energy raw materials, as labor productivity and payment levels are several times lower than those of the most developed countries.The pricing growth rate should not exceed the growth rate of labor productivity.Otherwise, inflation in the country will grow within the range of increased costs of energy carriers.The outbreak of global economic crisis captures the world with little trace, which is particularly important for energy efficiency improvements, because every ruble invested in efficient equipment production creates eight times more jobs than the ruble invested in energy production.The concept of economic growth efficiency in the country should include 4 parts:

• Energy saving plan;
• stability of energy prices (trust and interdependence should be ensured between manufacturers, consumers and energy resource transport companies);
• Increase the role of atoms and non-traditional renewable energy;
• Develop new energy technologies.

In recent years, our country has undergone fundamental changes, which require changing methods and psychology to fundamentally make new decisions.The most important of these include: a) fundamental changes in the legal field; b) continued liberalization in the power and gas industries; c) implementation of national projects; d) system defects in global energy capacity and the emergence of network economic capacity; e) restrictions on hydrocarbons.

Effectiveness of using energy

Modern large enterprises are interested in reducing the cost of products that attract customers.In order to reduce costs, the entire production chain should be reorganized to check the effectiveness of energy resource use.This is very important because a variety of energy sources are used in production.It can be electricity, heat and other resources.To be more effective, there are different ways.First, it is necessary to solve a psychological problem, which is a serious obstacle to the power economy, that is, workers have no interest in the economic use of resources.Another problem is that business managers are not prepared to reorganize the entire production process that effectively utilizes energy.Therefore, the process of reducing energy costs is implemented in different ways:

• Reorganization of enterprises and all productions;
• Reconstruct the production process in stages;
• Determine the potential for energy saving;
• Implement plans to effectively utilize energy;
• Periodic technical surveys of enterprises.

In large enterprises and their energy-saving experts, the energy audit plan is participated by experts from regional energy-saving centers.In small and medium-sized enterprises, the energy audit program is developed by experts from regional or Republican energy conservation centers.These programs should have several stages:

Evaluate energy saving potential.At this stage, a detailed study of all large-scale energy, workshops and energy consumption throughout the enterprise was conducted for at least 5 years before the inspection year.The data is processed on a computer and a mathematical energy consumption model is constructed.The latter needs to take into account the dependence of energy consumption on performance, temperature, raw material quality, etc.After processing the findings, a database was created, including the following information:

• Basic energy (fuel, electricity, heat and water) allocated to the main product units (fuel, electricity, heat and water);
• Similar attitudes in the industry abroad, workshops and businesses consume basic energy (helps to establish the situation of energy consumption in the businesses analyzed: good, medium, bad, bad, very bad);
• Energy-saving potential expressed in natural (KW·H, GJ, T) and monetary calculations;
• The main ways to reduce energy costs similar to domestic and foreign companies (implementation, cost, investment period approaches, etc.).

Typically, a control check can identify immediate energy savings (e.g., improper operation of the lamp, low equipment load, large heat loss and electrical loss, etc.).In most cases, controlling survey data is necessary to develop energy-saving strategies.Organize accounting energy consumption.Research shows that the right energy consumption accounting organization can save 5...10% of energy resources without taking other measures.It is the best result when organizing an energy center in an enterprise that contains a network of transmission data with a central computer, energy consumption and main equipment (meters and sensors) with appropriate software.

These elements of the energy center should be selected based on the size of the enterprise and the value of energy consumption.Therefore, for large enterprises (metallurgy, chemistry, automobiles), it is economically recommended to establish complex and expensive energy centers.Relatively cheap computers with simple software are suitable for small businesses.Therefore, controlling the control of consumer energy is the first and most important step towards its rational management:

• Seminars and sections for identifying revenge energy resources within an enterprise;
• Detailed review of accounts issued by businesses to energy supply organizations;
• Identify the most efficient modes of equipment operation and maintain as many of these modes as possible;
• Strict quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of various energy-saving measures in natural (GJ, KWNC, etc.) and monetary terms.

Formulate and implement measures to reduce TED consumption.Despite differences in the structure of the factory and its operating methods, the potential capabilities of energy saving are still similar in it.They can be classified into the following categories:

• Operation and maintenance strategies;
• Modernization strategies for equipment and technical processes;
• Replace existing equipment strategies with new, less energy-intensive and new technologies.

For example, the initial state accepts current corporate energy consumption before the energy saving plan is implemented.Then, based on an analysis of existing capabilities, control numbers are established to reduce energy consumption at the end of each phase of the energy conservation program.An important aspect of the implementation of the program is the issue of inspiring business personnel to implement it.Information about energy saving plans should be brought to all performers in an accessible form.All plan executors should know that they will receive real rewards when implementing their phases.When formulating energy-saving measures on PP, it is important to remember that there are the following savings areas:

• Save TER by improving energy supply;
• Save by improving energy use.

These measures were formulated by power engineers.The main ones are:

Select the energy carrier correctly.Each process requires such an energy carrier to provide maximum energy and economic impact.For example, for furnaces and heating plants, fuel and electric heating should be used directly; for forging and pressing equipment, compressed air and steam (if available in the enterprise).Select the type of energy by comparing options and a comprehensive analysis of the following factors:

• Technical requirements (changes in product quality, consumption of raw materials, etc.);
• Economic differences in equipment design and operating conditions;
• Comparison of the cost of energy;
• Availability of necessary equipment;
• The time required to replace the equipment;
• The economic impact of using VER, the cost of environmental measures.

The cost of the option considered is determined by the expression z = emergency situation+ ip+eudpzud.e-σδZI,,,,,

If KP is the capital cost of installation of this technology without considering the cost of installing a VER; IP-Operating cost without energy components; EUD-Specific energy consumption; P-One-One-Product production; Zud-Specific energy costs mentioned above; I- Effects of using VER.For current businesses, a comparative assessment of current energy tariffs is allowed if the cost of the event is covered by the corporate fund.

1. Reduce the amount of energy conversion.Since each conversion of energy is related to loss, the consistent conversion of energy is smaller and the higher the efficiency is generally.For example, economically, it is recommended to replace compressed air with electricity where possible depending on technical conditions.
2. Formulate a rational energy-saving plan.The energy conservation scheme for plants is a complex complex in which individual energy carriers are interdependent and are generally interchangeable.The development of a comprehensive power plan related to the technology will reveal the reserves of savings and show the order in which they are implemented.
3. Automation of energy supply units.This includes measures such as heating units, boiler units, automation of substations and introduction of televisions and automatic control of energy parameters of various engines and components.
4. Improve the quality of energy.Any changes in energy resource parameters (pressure, temperature, humidity, sulfur, ash, power quality, etc.) will lead to a decline in product quality and excessive accumulation of energy.

Thermal energy loss is divided into technical; commercial; emergency situations.The indicator is calculated in businesses in one heating season, given the cost of production and climate conditions last year.The percentage of loss depends on the nature of the network, the temperature graph, the pressure, the atmospheric temperature.